AGRICULTURAN AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL STUDY OF SUMBAL BLOCK OF BANDIPORA DISTRIC OF KASHMIR
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STRATEGIC RESEARCH AND EXTENSION PLAN USING
PARTICIPARTORY RURAL APPRAISAL
FOR
TEHSIL SUMBAL SONAWARI (BANDIPORA)
FROM
19th – 28th, JUNE 2008.
I. INTRODUCTION
Sumbal Sonawari is on the list of Tehsil of area Bandipora erstwhile section Baramulla Kashmir. Sumbal can be found 34013’ N plus 74037’ E by using the normal altitude regarding 5178 feet (1578.25 meter) earlier mentioned indicate sea level. The District Bandipora is obtaining 3 Tehsils viz. Bandiopa, Gurez and Sumbal Sonawari which has a overall population with 306511 men and women composed of of 158754 adult males and 147757 females. Out with the full population of the region Bandipora that tehsil Sumbal Sonawari is owning people involving 149013 people comprising 76411 males and also 72602 females. The section Bandipora consists of 53 Panchyat halqas with 200 villages out of which usually 12 Panchayat Halqas regarding 51 villages slide around Block Sumbal regarding tehsil Sonawari.
The Bandipora district is actually surrounded simply by Kupwara inside the West, Baramulla inside South, Kargil, Srinagar as well as Ganderbal inside East and LoC inside the North. The district has severe frosty local climate within winter season as well as a enjoyable temperature in summer. Each part of the actual centre experiences snowfall during winter. Road for you to Gurez is still shut through winter weather because of snowfall. Average total rainfall within District Bandipora has been recorded because 589 mm using roughly 82 boisterous days.
Tehsil Sumbal Sonwari located while in the South connected with Bandipora obtaining different topography viz. plains, karewas, hillocks, along with marshy lands, and water bodies. This sort of topography generally creates the actual spot at risk from flood in the process that will drought conditions. The cultivable spots are fertile mainly rich in clay-based as well as silt. The river Jehlam as well as Sindh transferring over the place serves seeing that primary way to obtain irrigation. At most of the places the water is usually lifted from the pushes plus sent out by way of irrigation canals. The high clay written content would make soils extremely unfastened when soaked plus extremely hard when dry.
The town women plus park youths were being primarily observed hired around generation associated with handicrafts like flooring making, shawl making, embroidery etc. and almost every loved ones seemed to be having a new carpet weaving unit.The persons typically owned by very low income groups and are also economically backward. The situation becomes more aggravated due to very low productivity, unemployment/ underemployment, deficiency with communication and also standard amenities including education and learning and health. Majority belonging to the people suffer from malnutrition and beneath food intake and the toughest hit collection is usually young children and women. The chance to help health and wellbeing hazards can be apprehended due to terrible sanitary conditions, detrimental waters facilities etc.
To alleviate lower income in the region Govt. Departments, Institutions, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) plus allied businesses are working tricky to generate this creation and productivity, create employment along with improve the existing conditions through their progammes in addition to activities. It is due to this kind of connection, the particular one such NGO namely Indo Global Social Service Society (IGSSS) approached that will the University by means of Directorate with Extension Education intended for getting SREP plus running of need structured trainings on agriculture along with allied fields. The NGO features also been chaotic with firm of Self Help Groups (SHGs) among the women folk from the spot pertaining to micro financing comforts and in the long run girls empowerment.
Director Extension Education/ SMAETI, Prof. G.M. Wani appreciatandmediately constituted a group of experts/ researchers at the particular Directorate to hold the plan systematically applying Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) method from 19th June 2008 in order to 28th June 2008 in the already discovered villages from the IGSSS. The whole work ended up being carried and carried out smoothly from a mandate setting solution inside timetabled time frame over the active coordination along with response in the industry experts plus the NGO personnel.
II.METHODOLOGY
In arrangement to arrange Strategic Research Extension Plan (SREP) for the spot viz Sumbal Sonawari from the desired moment plan PRA strategy was utilized to gather that responses through the villagers. This incorporated using involving pre-tested appointment schedules, discussion meetings, transect-walks, participatory statement methods, farm and property sessions and debate etc. in a well planned approach coming from 19th June 2008 in order to 28th June 2008 inside that picked villages.
The company deputed with the goal made of scientists/ authorities from Extension Education, Agronomy, Soil Science, Plant protection and Olericulture on the Directorate along with SKUAST-K divisions. The team seemed to be also helped by State Coordinator and Project Supervisors associated with IGSSS within intro of home help sets and villagers at large as well as good hospitality intended for your team. The PRA appeared to be performed in a organized manner through observation of pursuing steps:
Preparation regarding meeting routine as well as its use
After pre-testing plus further processing belonging to the schedule, this PRA has been successfully conducted.Rapport building
In purchase to help possess a summary notion regarding the village resources, ecology, needs of harvesting town as well as opportunities etc. ahead of create a program pertaining to PRA, this group left for that business connected with IGSSS during Inderkot village of Sumbal Sonawari. Immediately following an relationship reaching with the scientists, officers with IGSSS and farmers on the locality particularly girls self help sets several info ended up being collected around the on top of aspects.
This connections meeting seemed to be in addition very helpful throughout deciding your approach with operate within the revealed villages to get PRA. In just about every village, farmers/ farm women of all ages and also youths gathered inside fundamental places with the communities in addition to were being drawn in in order to self confidence through casual discussions.
The consequence with the first interaction meeting has been these kinds of that will the item eased that romantic relationship setting up in the identified communities throughout the playing of folks songs, idioms, proverbs along with praying etc. In the actual outset ideas in connection with their own routine functions were being floated and sold by which their epitome of talks diverted these individuals towards the producing and allied challenges even more improvement.
Identification involving Villages with regard to PRA
The villages discovered by way of that IGSSS ended up decided on since representative regions to get ready SREP for your Sumbal tehsil and appropriately PRA appeared to be done within them. In this way, your towns regarding PRA ended up Inderkot, Ganastan, Gund Ibrahim and Tregam of Sumbal Sonawari tehsil. Since your tehsil falls inside temperate agro climatic area plus each of the determined communities have pretty much uniform Agro Eco Situations (AES). The preferred villages only differ for the magnitude with various problems and facilities.
Transect Walks
Each chosen whole village had been been to down to routine in addition to primary hand information about that topography, location, pure resources, demography, showing patterns, vegetation, livestock and allied socio-economic things to do have been gathered through using meeting routine in addition to town transect walks. These corners were good through the villagers and some people liked that will share their data and also activities with the scientists/ experts.
Mappings
At the final of each transect go around as well as discussion meeting inside the preferred villages, the actual farmers were being asked for to be able to bring the particular reference guide associated with their villages on drawing sheets. This workout was highly innovative and enjoyable to get the actual villagers also the center of another participants.
Wealth Ranking
Wealth rank appeared to be done by lead as well as roundabout wondering in the villagers/farmers within the groundwork associated with major income/month/household without having negatively affecting their sentiments. In each whole village your farmers/villagers have been labeled while Low, Medium in addition to High revenue class farmers. The farmers/ villagers were finally referred to as source and source rich. The availablility of learning resource terrible villagers will be excess the particular reference full of each one village.
Existing Farming Systems
To recognise the particular farming methods in just about every small town various businesses viz. expanding involving crops, fruits, vegetables, parenting involving cattle, sheep, goat, poultry, sericulture and other harvesting activities in conjunction with their info being used were looked through along with recognized . These systems somewhat change as outlined by micro stage agro-eco situations.
Gap Analysis
This appeared to be performed by causing comparisons between the proposed packages and also recent practices followed by farmers/villagers. The particular causes of the breaks were being enquired plus the farmers motivated that will get yourself a spouse research along with extension strategies for filling these kinds of gaps. While setting up this SREP special interest is definitely covered for park youth along with ladies to create employment along with revenue by means of imparting of trainings with different agro-vocations.
III.GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT SELECTED VILLAGES AND THEIR SREP
Inderkot Village
Inderkot village involving Sumbal Sonawari Tehsil is propagate more than a space of about one humdred and fifty hectares of land. More when compared with hundred hectares tend to be irrigated and other because un-irrigated and rainfed. Water is usually elevated from your Jehlum through irrigation canals by pump sets. Paddy is grown below normal water logged ailments along with mostly sole cropping structure is followed. Nearly 10 hectares connected with terrain has been noted under orchards.
Inderkot contains with seven patis (hamlets), particularly Chana-mohalla, Sadat-mohalla, Gunzri-mohalla, Bana-mohalla, Munz-mohalla, Sonabar plus Murtazabad. The village is definitely having nine hundred people with a people connected with 5500 persons, away from which will 3000 are generally adult males as well as 2500 females. Besides farming, carpet producing is actually a different source regarding income. Almost every household is using a crossbred cow, 2-3 sheep/goat in addition to 5-6 local chicken birds.
The town is having just one center school, 1 major school, 2 EGS, 3 or more SSA in addition to 3 Anganwari centers. In addition, two self applied help groupings (2 SHGs), namely Karwane - Zainab in addition to Himayat are usually energetic beneath IGSS utilizing their center on flooring weaving, filling device work, pashmina spinning, cow and/ goat parenting and vegetable growing.
The further examination from the facts shown your following: -
Income Groups
S.No
Income within Rupees/Month
Level of Income Group
No with Households
Percentage involving Households
1
Up to be able to 6000
Lower
342
38.00
2
6001-12000
Middle
522
58.00
3
12001 & Above
High
36
04.00
Total
900
100.00
Wealth Ranking
S.No
Category
No associated with Households
Percent Household
1.
Resource Poor
621
69.00
2
Resource Rich
279
31.00
Total
900
100
Existing Farming Enterprises
S.No
Enterprises
No. of households
Percentage
1
Agriculture
571
63.4
2
Horticulture
7
0.8
3
Olericulture
14
1.5
4
Animal Husbandry
338
37.5
5
Sheep Husbandry
309
34.2
6
Poultry Keeping
23
2.5
7
Sericulture (Non farm)
11
1.2
8
Handloom
435
48.3
9
Embroidery
144
16
10
Others
383
42.5
Existing Farming System
S. No
Existing Farming system
No. of households
Percentage
1.
Agriculture + Animal Husbandry + Poultry keeping
310
35
2.
Animal Husbandry + Sheep/ Goat + Horticulture
217
24
3.
Sheep/ Goat + Poultry Keeping + Agriculture
301
33
3.
Handloom + Embroidery
72
8.0
Total
900
100
Contribution connected with Various Enterprises
S. No
Name regarding Enterprises
No with Households
% contribution
1
Agriculture
369
41
2
Sheep Husbandry
171
19
3
Animal Husbandry
108
12
4
Vegetable
27
3
5
Fruits
9
1
6
Poultry Keeping
18
2
7
Sericulture (Non farm)
198
22
Total
900
100
Gund Ibrahim Village
The village is definitely getting an area of about 160 ha of area out of which will 120 ha will be irrigated in addition to remaining as unirrigated as well as rainded. Paddy and maize will be grown up throughout Kharif plus Sarson with Rabi using lands. More as compared with 15 ha of terrain is required with regard to orchard and vegetable cultivation. The village is having in relation to 275 households which has a full inhabitants of related to 2500 individuals composed of of 1500 guys in addition to multitude of females. The principal places associated with irrigation will be lift irrigation through Sukhnal, Trazpora Nallah and are in addition called while Trukulbal.
Resources
Income Groups
S.No
Income with Rupees/Month
Level connected with Income Group
No of Households
Percentage of Households
1
Up to 6000
Lower
43
16
2
6001-12000
Middle
215
78
3
12001 & Above
High
17
06
Total
275
100
Wealth Ranking
S.No
Category
No of Households
Percent Household
1.
Resource Poor
154
56
2
Resource Rich
121
44
Total
275
100
Existing Farming Enterprises
S.No
Enterprises
No. of households
Percentage
1
Agriculture
160
58
2
Horticulture
14
5
3
Olericulture
11
4
4
Animal Husbandry
66
24
5
Sheep Husbandry
83
30
6
Poultry Keeping
28
10
7
Handloom
105
38
8
Embroidery
8
3
9
Services
6
2
Existing Farming System
S. No
Existing Farming system
No. with households
Percentage
1.
Agriculture + Animal Husbandry + Vegetable + Poultry keeping
127
46
2.
Sheep/ Goat + Animal Husbandry +Agriculture + Poultry keeping
66
24
3.
Animal Husbandry + Agriculture + Horticulture + Poultry
49
18
3.
Handloom + Embroidery
33
12
Total
275
100
Contribution with Various Enterprises
S. No
Name associated with Enterprises
No associated with Households
% contribution
1
Agriculture
111
40
2
Horticulture
3
1
3
Vegetable
2
1
4
Animal Husbandry
50
18
5
Sheep Husbandry
56
20
6
Poultry Keeping
2
1
7
Sericulture (Non farm)
7
3
8
Handloom (Carpet Making)
44
16
Total
275
100
Ganastan Village
Ganastan hamlet connected with Sumbal Tehsil is a list of your five Paties (hamlets) namely – Khanpet, Ganastan, Checki, Goonchipora and Rukh mohalla. It is having with regards to 420 households having some sort of complete human population associated with 3200 persons, beyond that 1920 are gentlemen and 1280 females. The village can be long to help one place associated with four hundred hectares, available of which often more than two hundred hectares are usually irrigated as well as 100 hectares seeing that unirrigated as well as rainfed. About a hundred hectares of territory will be put less than orchard plus vegetables. Paddy as well as maize are grown up around Kharief and wheat, oat plus Sarson developed around Rabi.
The whole village is definitely provided with one particular every single high school, Angan Wari Center, submit office, ECGS, SSA, Cooperative society, Unani Dispensary in addition to lambs center. The many pursuits often carried inside the hamlet includes developing of crops, cattle rearing, sheep along with goat parenting along with new carpet producing etc. two do-it-yourself guide organizations specifically Usman and Ummar Groups within IGSSS tend to be at the moment supporting throughout Sozni work as well as wanted to be able to divert to get agricultural and other value add-on activities.
Income Groups
S.No
Income around Rupees/Month
Level with Income Group
No involving Households
Percentage connected with Households
1
Up for you to 6000
Lower
82
19
2
6001-12000
Middle
188
45
3
12001 & Above
High
150
36
Total
420
100
Wealth Ranking
S.No
Category
No connected with Households
Percent Household
1.
Resource Poor
305
72
2
Resource Rich
115
28
Total
420
100
Existing Farming Enterprises
S.No
Enterprises
No. connected with households
Percentage
1
Agriculture
294
70
2
Horticulture
23
5
3
Olericulture
288
69
4
Animal Husbandry
198
47
5
Sheep Husbandry
201
48
6
Poultry Keeping
150
36
7
Sericulture
48
11
8
Handloom
223
53
9
Embroidery
80
19
Existing Farming System
S. No
Existing Farming system
No. regarding households
Percentage
1.
Agriculture + Vegetable + Horticulture + Animal Husbandry
154
36
2.
Sheep/ Goat + Agriculture + Sericulture
130
31
3.
Agriculture + Animal Husbandry + Sheep / Goat + Poultry Keeping
104
25
3.
Handloom + Embroidery
32
8
Total
420
100
Contribution with Various Enterprises
S. No
Name connected with Enterprises
No with Households
% contribution
1
Agriculture
229
54
2
Horticulture
21
5
3
Olericulture
34
8
4
Animal Husbandry
28
7
5
Sheep Husbandry
43
10
6
Poultry Keeping
12
3
7
Sericulture
12
3
8
Handloom
38
9
Embroidery
3
1
Total
420
100
Tregam Village
Tregam small town of Tehsil Sonawari involves Paties (helmets) similar to Odina, Malikpora, Mallapora plus Parraypora spread over one place associated with concerning 15 ha connected with land, away from which 10 ha will be irrigated and sleep is unirrigated and also rainfed. The town is acquiring almost three hundred people along with an overall human population regarding 3261 persons. The male as well as female population described can be 1655 as well as 1605 respectively. The commune can be given three schools, one SSA including a veterinary center. The water is definitely elevated with the pump pieces from Kawasoo gauge plus Badi Numble.
The cultivable place is put beneath paddy, maize, rajmash along with produce with kharief and also peas plus oats in rabi. Only five ha of land is definitely beneath orchards. Livestock inhabitants is composed involving three hundred cattle, and regarding 200 sheep/goat. Almost every family can be having 5-7 regional poultry birds. The hamlet is also having one poultry farm.
Two home assist groups particularly Kirmani and Gulshan under IGSSS are usually productive intended for several salary producing activities including needle work, carpet weaving plus goat/ sheep showing etc. These communities are good linked together with different development specialists in the area. The additionally analysis unveils because under:
Income Groups
S.No
Income in Rupees/Month
Level connected with Income Group
No of Households
Percentage involving Households
1
Up to 6000
Lower
60
17
2
6001-12000
Middle
130
37
3
12001 & Above
High
160
46
Total
350
100
Wealth Ranking
S.No
Category
No involving Households
Percent Household
1.
Resource Poor
220
63
2
Resource Rich
130
37
Total
350
100
Existing Farming Enterprises
S.No
Enterprises
No. associated with households
Percentage
1
Agriculture
220
63
2
Horticulture
55
16
3
Olericulture
58
17
4
Animal Husbandry
38
11
5
Sheep Husbandry
43
12
6
Poultry Keeping
215
61
7
Sericulture
45
13
8
Handloom
80
23
9
Services
10
3
Existing Farming System
S. No
Existing Farming system
No. of households
Percentage
1.
Agriculture + Vegetable + Horticulture + Poultry Keeping
195
56
2.
Sheep/ Goat + Animal Husbandry + Agriculture + Poultry Keeping
85
24
3.
Agriculture + Vegetable + Sericulture + Poultry Keeping
60
17
3.
Handloom + Embroidery
10
3
Total
350
100
Contribution involving Various Enterprises
S. No
Name connected with Enterprises
No associated with Households
% contribution
1
Agriculture
148
42
2
Horticulture
8
2
3
Olericulture
22
6
4
Animal Husbandry
32
9
5
Sheep/ Goat Husbandry
44
13
6
Poultry Keeping
14
4
7
Sericulture
10
3
8
Handloom
62
18
Services
10
3
Total
350
100
IV. Selected towns associated with Sumbal Sonawari Tehsil at a Glance (Facts and also figures)
N = 46
1
Age (Yrs)
upto 20
21-35
36-50
51 & above
Total
No./%age
2 (4.3)
10 (21.7)
27 (58.7)
7 (15.2)
46 (100)
2
Education
Illiterate
Primary
Middle
Matric
Graduate & above
Total
No./%age
24 (52.2)
5 (10.9)
9 (19.6)
6 (13.0)
2 (4.3)
46 (100)
3
Family size
upto 4 customers (small)
5-8 customers (medium0
9 & preceding (composite)
No./%age
2 (4.3)
23 (50)
21 (45.7)
46 (100)
4
Occupation
Farming
Business
Services
More as compared to one
Total
No/%age
18(39.1)
4(8.7)
2(4.3)
22(47.8)
46(100)
5
Income(Rs)/ Month /head
Upto 6000(Low)
6001-12000(Medium)
12001 & Above(High)
Total
No/%age
22(47.8)
14(30.5)
10(21.7)
46(100)
6
Land Holding(Size) with Kanals
Upto 5
5.1-10
10.1-15
15.1 & Above
Landless
Total
No/%age
12(26.1)
14(30.4)
11(23.9)
8(17.4)
1(2.2)
46(100)
7
Source associated with Information (Persons)
Family Member
Relative
Neighbour
Friends
Village Head
Total
No/%age
25(54.3)
6(13.0)
6(13.0)
3(6.5)
6(13.0)
46(100)
(Officers)
VEW
AEO
HDO
NGO
U.Scientists
None
Total
No/%age
14(30.4)
1(2.2)
1(2.2)
9(19.6)
5(10.9)
16(34.8)
46(100)
(Media)
Radio
TV
Radio & TV
Newspapers
All
None
Total
No/%age
7(15.2)
7(15.2)
24(52.2)
2(4.3)
5(10.9)
1(2.2)
46(100)
8
Frequency associated with Visits/ Offices
Weekly
Fortnightly
Monthly
Seasonally
Never
Total
Dev. Department.
1(2.2)
3(6.5)
3(6.5)
8(17.4)
31(67.4)
46(100)
ATIC
-
-
2(4.3)
4(8.7)
40(87.0)
46(100)
KVK
-
-
-
1(2.2)
45(97.8)
46(100)
Research Stn.
-
-
-
2(4.3)
44(95.7)
46(100)
Univ. HQ
-
-
-
10(21.7)
36(78.3)
46(100)
9
Adoption involving Technology
Paddy Crop
Varieties
Local
Improved
Latest
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
21(45.7)
13(28.3)
7(15.2)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Seed Rate(Kgs/Kanal)
Upto 3
3.1 – 4
4.1 & Above
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
5(10.9)
5(10.9)
31(67.4)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Plants/Hill
5-8
More than 8
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
22(47.8)
19(41.3)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Fertilizer Application
Complete NPK
Partial NPK
No NPK
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
12(26.1)
26(56.5)
3(6.5)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Plant Protection
Use of Weedicides
Use involving Fungicide/Insecticide
Use with in excess of one
None regarding Chemicals
Not Applicable
Total
No/$age
15(32.6)
1(2.2)
1(2.2)
24(52.2)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Yield/Kanal(Qtls.)
Upto 2
2.1-3.5
More when compared with 3.5
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
9(19.6)
18(39.1)
14(30.4)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Problems
Input Availability
Technical Know how
Natural Proneness
All Types of Problems
None with the Problems
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
13(28.3)
8(17.4)
3(6.5)
14(30.4)
3(6.5)
5(10.9)
46(100)
10
Maize Crop
Varieties
Local
Improved
Latest
None
Total
No/%age
9(19.6)
3(6.5)
2(4.3)
32(69.6)
46(100)
Seed Rate Kgs/Kanal
Upto 1.5
1.6-3.0
More compared to 3
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
3(6.5)
6(13.0)
5(10.9)
32(69.6)
46(100)
Fertilizer Application
Complete NPK
Partial NPK
No NPK
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
1(2.2)
5(10.9)
8(17.4)
32(69.6)
46(100)
Plant Protection
Applying insecticide etc.
Not Applying any Chemical
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
1(2.2)
13(28.3)
32(69.6)
46(100)
Yield/Kanal (Qtls.)
Upto 1
1.1-2.0
More than 2
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
5(10.9)
6(13.0)
3(6.5)
32(69.6)
46(100)
Problems
Input Availability
Technical Know how
Natural Proneness
None connected with Problems
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
3(6.5)
3(6.5)
4(8.7)
4(8.7)
32(60.6)
46(100)
11
Rabi Crops Grown
Sarson/Mustard
Oats
Wheat
More compared to one
None of Crops
Total
No/%age
2(4.3)
5(10.9)
2(4.3)
9(19.6)
28(60.9)
46(100)
12
Kharif Vegetables Grown
More compared to One
None
Total
No/%age
39(84.8)
7(15.2)
46(100)
13
Rabi Vegetables Grown
More than One
None
Total
No/%age
35(76.1)
11(23.9)
46(100)
14
Vegetable Problems
Input Availability
Technical Know how
All Types
None
Total
No/%age
5(10.9)
16(34.8)
13(28.3)
12(26.1)
46(100)
15
Fruit Orchard
Apple
Walnut
Mixed
None
Total
No/%age
11(23.9)
2(4.3)
2(4.3)
31(67.4)
46(100)
16
Apple Varieties
Local
Commercial
Mixed
None
Total
No/%age
1(2.2)
10(21.7)
2(4.3)
33(71.7)
46(100)
Orchard Age(Yrs.)
upto-5 (New)
5.1-15 (Young)
15.1-30 & More (Old)
None
Total
No/%age
6(13.0)
5(10.9)
2(4.3)
33(71.7)
46(100)
Training & Pruning
Yes
No
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
7(15.2)
6((13.0)
33(71.7)
46(100)
Fertilizer Applications
Complete NPK
Partial NPK
No NPK
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
2(4.3)
7(15.2)
4(8.7)
33(71.7)
46(100)
Apple Problems
Pollination
Diseases/Pests
Fertilizer application
More than a single Problem
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
1(2.2)
8(17.4)
1(2.2)
3(6.5)
33(71.7)
46(100)
17
Cattle Rearing Breed
Local
Crossbred
Both(L&C)
None
Total
No/%age
13(28.3)
18(39.1)
2(4.3)
13(28.3)
46(100)
No/Household
None
Upto 2
More as compared with 2
Total
No/%age
13(28.3)
29(63.0)
4(8.7)
46(100)
Milk Yield/H/D (Litres)
Upto several (Low)
4.1 – 8.0 (Medium)
8.1 – 15.0 (High)
Nil
Total
No/%age
9(19.6)
17(37.0)
5(10.9)
15(32.6)
46(100)
Cattle Problem
Feeding
Diseases
Vet.Facilities
None
Total
No/%age
3(6.5)
25(54.3)
3(6.5)
15(32.6)
46(100)
18
Sheep/Goat Rearing Breed
Local/Improved
None
Total
No/%age
11(23.9)
35(76.1)
46(100)
No/Household
None
Upto- 2
3 - 6
More in comparison with 6
Total
No/%age
35(76.1)
5(10.9)
2(4.3)
4(8.7)
46(100)
Sheep/Goat Problem
Diseases
None
Total
No/%age
11(23.9)
35(76.1)
46(100)
19
Poultry Keeping Breed
Local
Improved
None
Total
No/%age
36(78.3)
1(2.2)
9(19.6)
46(100)
Birds/Household
None
Upto-2
3-6
More in comparison with 6
Total
No/%age
10(21.7)
3(6.5)
11(23.9)
22(47.8)
46(100)
Poultry Problems
Feeding
Housing
Diseases
None
Total
No/%age
1(2.2)
1(2.2)
27(58.7)
17(37.0)
46(100)
IV. Gap Analysis and Proposed Extension Training Strategy/ Action Plan to the Representative Villages involving Sumbal Sonawari Tehsil
S. No
Enterprise/ Package Item
Existing situation/ problem
Village-wise status from the situation / problem
Recommended programme/ action plan with regard to Sumbal Sonawari area
Inderkot
Gundibrahim
Ganastan
Tregam
A. Agriculture (Crops)
1
Paddy cultivation
Growing paddy mainly less than waterlogged conditions
Severe waterlogged conditions
Less waterlogged
Mild waterlogged
Severe waterlogged
Introduction associated with Technology for paddy cultivation with waterlogged location through investigation in addition to demonstration.
More by using regional plus older cultivars associated with paddy (Nikchina, Safed China, Roosi, China 1007 etc.)
More as compared to one third with place below area and classic varieties
Half in the community less than area in addition to conventional varieties
One third connected with spot less than nearby and traditional varieties
Three fourth area less than community as well as traditional varieties
Replacement connected with paddy types by way of increased as well as brand new versions like China 1039, K39, Jehlum and Shalimar grain 1, by means of FLD system and seedling commune progress concept
Paddy spot effortlessly prone that will waters logging pressure conditions
Due in order to faulty and irregular water submitter system
Due to be able to flawed and also irregular mineral water distribution system
Due to be able to defective and also intermittent mineral water submission system
Due to be able to faulty as well as unnatural mineral water supply system
Fair along with merely waters distribution desires that intro of drinking water farming systems as well as much more drinking water lifting gas stations and canals
Using increased seed fees (more compared to 60-80 kg /ha)
Two third belonging to the farmers employing larger seed starting amount as compared to recommended
More in comparison with two third farmers using higher seed price when compared with recommended
Nearly a couple of 3 rd player making use of higher seed charge when compared with recommended
Half in the farmers employing greater seed starting amount in comparison with recommended
Awareness coaching shows can be helpful to cut back the particular seed premiums through better nursery management
Transplanting method using far more seedling per slope (Above eight seedling per hill)
More as compared to 1 / 3rd farmers implementing above eight seedlings per hill
Less than one third using on top of seven seedlings each hill
One third implementing previously mentioned 8 seedling per hill
Two lastly farmers applying preceding 8 seedling per hill
Mortality of seedlings should become reduced employing improved seed, proper seed medication as well as method of having crops considering the dirt ball.
Fertilizer software (Use of NPK fertilizers)
Nearly 50 % from the farmers employing all of the several fertilizers rest are utilizing both NP regarding N only
More when compared with three final making use of part program i.e. NP or N only
Nearly a couple third farmers utilizing Partial job application i.e. NP or N only
Half regarding your farmers using Partial practical application i.e NP as well as N only
Awareness cum demonstration on by using superior seed starting and also well balanced fertilizers through FLD as well as OFT programmes
Plant protection measures
More than half belonging to the farmer making use of weedicide along with merely five percent using insecticide/ fungicides
More in comparison with 15 per cent farmers making use of weedicide only
One next of your farmers implementing weedicide even more compared to 8% are employing fungicide
None belonging to the farmers implementing any kind of place safety measure
Conducting associated with coaching programmes in connection with weed control, fun time supervision along with paddy grasshoppers.
Yield
Nearly half with the farmers working 2.1 for you to 3.5 q /kanal
Less in comparison with half from the farmers harvesting 2.1 to be able to 3.5 q/kanal
Two next farmers cropping 2.1 to be able to 3.5 q/kanal
Only one particular fourth on the farmers working 2.1 to 3.5 q/ kanal
The yields for every kanal may be increased in the exhibition involving controlled cultivation connected with paddy below drinking water logged illnesses in just about every village.
2
Maize
Grown neighborhood kinds within rainfed conditions as livestock fodder or blended with Rajmash
One fourth from the farmers growing maize under rainfed conditions
Two finally in the farmers expanding maize within rainfed conditions
Less as compared with one particular next of the farmers raising maize beneath rainfed conditions
One final with the farmers raising maize less than rainfed conditions
High yielding (for feed and fodder) and low mineral water prerequisite varieties ought to be popularized through demonstrations and coaching programmes
Methods regarding sowing along with seed rate
One fourth of the farmers raising maize under rainfed illnesses and using seed starting rate 1.6 to help 3 or more kg/kanal
Two third from the farmers growing maize under rainfed conditions along with implementing seedling quote 1.6 to be able to three or more kg/kanal
Less in comparison with one next involving your farmers raising maize under rainfed problems in addition to employing seed charge 1.6 in order to 3 or more kg/kanal
One last in the farmers developing maize less than rainfed illnesses as well as implementing seed starting price 1.6 to 3 kg/kanal
FLD program about maize cultivation may perhaps be practiced within each one village. Emphasis often be offered with advised seed rate
Fertilizer practical application (Use of NPK fertilizers)
None of the character utilizing any fertilizer
None of the character employing almost any fertilizer
Few farmers (8%) applying fertilizers
None in the farmer implementing virtually any fertilizer
Awareness must be created to utilize encouraged dosage associated with fertilizers through FLDs
Plant security measures
Although challenge involving stem borer and also leaf sheath blight reported but it's unlikely that any involving this grow safety methods taken
Although dilemma regarding control borer in addition to leaf sheath blight described but probably none of the place safety methods taken
Although trouble connected with leaves borer and also leaf sheath blight claimed although not one with the seed security measures taken
Although difficulty connected with originate borer plus leaf sheath blight reported but not one from the place protection measures taken
Integrated Pest Management on Maize may perhaps be introduced.
Yield
Maize is usually grown while fodder nevertheless grain provide from 50 kg that will a couple of q /kanal is usually reported
Maize is usually produced as fodder nonetheless feed provide from 50 kg for you to 2 q /kanal is usually reported
Maize is normally produced because fodder nonetheless materials generate from 50 kg for you to couple of queen /kanal can be reported
Maize can be commonly harvested since fodder even so feed yield from 50 kg that will 2 queen /kanal is usually reported
Technology based on farmers support throughout receiving twin benefit could possibly be proven inside each and every village
3
Rabi Crops
Mustard,oats in addition to Wheat
Two third from the farmers not getting any rabi crop, on the other hand leftover one third taking oats and whole wheat to get fodder purposes.
Half of this farmers not really taking any kind of rabi crop, even so left over one lastly using mustard (Oilseed) along with wheat with regard to fodder purposes.
More as compared to one half of the farmers definitely not having virtually any rabi crop, however staying 1 / 3rd consuming oats and whole wheat to get fodder purposes.
Two lastly with the farmers certainly not using just about any rabi crop, on the other hand other one third taking wheat pertaining to fodder purposes.
Technology to bring two times showing could be confirmed in addition to improved/ brand new fodder crop/ seed should be furnished with regard to farming purposes
4
General cropping pattern
Single showing system (Monoculture) predominantly followed
In kharief mainly paddy is usually harvested during rabi the particular fields are usually water logged along with remains fellow
In kharief mostly paddy is grown up whilst within rabi that grounds are usually waters logged in addition to continues fellow
In kharief largely paddy is definitely grown up whilst in rabi that derricks will be mineral water logged and stays fellow
In kharief primarily paddy is developed even though throughout rabi this career fields usually are waters logged in addition to remains fellow
Technology to bring double cropping might be confirmed in addition to improved/ different fodder crop/ seed starting needs to be presented to get farming purposes
B. Vegetables
1
Kharief vegetables
Growing nearly all types of fruit and vegetables for dwelling usage merely (Cole, Solanaeceous, Cucurbits and also other vegetables).
Two finally growing fruit and vegetables intended for domestic purpose (Kitchen gardening)
Almost most growing vegetables for domestic reason (Kitchen gardening)
Almost most rising vegetables pertaining to home goal (Kitchen gardening)
More when compared with Two 3 rd developing vegetables pertaining to home purpose (Kitchen gardening)
Almost all of the farmers have their very own home gardens. So imparting exercising upon home yard to get fresh, well balanced in addition to regular furnish connected with vegetables with regard to house consumption shall be associated with paramount skilled dallas pest control exclusively with the rural women
Input quantity (seeds, fertilizers etc.)
Just adequate
Inadequate
Just adequate
Adequate
The SHGs while in the villages will take the process involving reviews accessibility along with accomplish the community
Insect, pest plus disease problems (Cut worms, borers, aphids, wilt as well as blight etc.)
Nearly 50 % with the farmers/ growers dealing with insect, pest and illness problem
Half on the farmers /growers dealing with insect, pest as well as condition problem
More than several next of the farmers /growers dealing with insect, pest and ailment problem
Nearly almost all the particular farmers /growers going through insect, pest and disease problem
Vegetable, pests as well as illnesses (like cut worms, borers as well as wilt plus blight with chillies, capsicum, tomato along with brinjal) are posing a critical hazard plus envisages conduction associated with IPM training programmes / lessons regarding plantation women of all ages plus youth. Seed and seedling healing could be popularized.
Latest polyhouse technology, seedling production, out of season, post-harvest plant development systems to get financial purposes.
Unknown on the farmers nonetheless largely interested in training
Unknown towards farmers but typically keen on training
Unknown that will the farmers but largely serious about training
Unknown towards farmers but generally interested in training
Training system regarding fruit flesh set in cucurbits by simply pollination methods women and village youth. Training linked to commercialization plus vegetable seedling manufacturing intended for farm junior plus women. Training on posting pick management connected with plantation adult females plus youth through SHGs should lead to girls empowerment
2
Rabi vegetables
Growing leafy, actual vegetables, peas etc. upon minimal weighing machine because of drainage system
More compared to 1 / 2 from the farmers rising rabi vegetables and fruits inside their kitchen area gardens
Nearly a couple finally on the farmers developing rabi vegetables for their home gardens
All the actual farmers increasing rabi veggies into their kitchen gardens
More than two third of the farmers growing rabi vegetables in their kitchen gardens
Awareness ejaculate teaching programs upon technological farming involving rabi vegetables inside spot for women of all ages people mainly is usually regarding wonderful importance
Inputs and latest technical know-how
More as compared with one third belonging to the farmers face trouble with inputs plus practical know-how
Less as compared to a single next from the farmers face dilemma involving inputs and also techie know-how
One next of the farmers face problem of inputs in addition to practical know-how
More than 50 % with the farmers face challenge of inputs as well as specialized know-how
Vegetables together with increased drinking water necessitie (water adoring vegetables) often be popularized. Training programmes to get seed creation plus post-harvest technology must be introduced
C. Horticulture
B
Fruit Growing (Apple, Pear, Walnut etc.)
Fruit expanding is confined to be able to better elevations, karewa lands plus recently the planet crammed lands. Mostly orchards are badly handled and also experiencing problems of insect pest ailments (Root rot, collar rot, scab, alterneria etc.), pollination, fruit set, crops drop, false pruning etc. In apple mackintosh and also pear orchards. Insect, pest and sickness problem with walnut (walnut weevil, come borer etc.
More as compared with one third growing apple only
One third raising apple as well as walnut equally
One fourth increasing the majority of different types of temperate fruits
More than 30 % developing every type involving fruits
Since fruit raising is just not common, however apple pear and walnut trees some in the orchard ended up poorly managed inside absence involving appropriate practical know-how. To enhance the horticulture in the area, extensive education is required in orchard layout, management, IPM, pruning as well as training, place propagation techniques etc. for your plantation youth to be able to grow talent throughout fruit traditions and also generate employment.
D. Livestock
1
Cattle (cow and draught animals)
Lack connected with know-how along with veterinary facilities in terms of reproduce betterment and take advantage of yield
Three final from the farmers showing cows yielding largely 4 liters connected with exploit every day for each head. Nearly 50 % cows people cross bred
Three final belonging to the farmers rearing cattle yielding generally 4 liters of take advantage of every day per head. One fourth cows population cross bred
More than Three fourth of the farmers rearing cows yielding generally 4 liters associated with milk each day for each head. Half cows society cross bred
More in comparison with 30 % belonging to the farmers rearing cattle yielding mostly some that will eight liters regarding take advantage of per day per head. One fourth cows people cross bred
Cattle rearing with your location is notable and just about three last homes maintaining a couple of cows yielding milk also about 15 liters sometimes per day. Training plan with share development (Breed Improvement) as a result of synchronization in addition to AI programmes.
Dosing and vaccination, cows illnesses just like FMD, Mastitis, ecto along with endo parasites, Rinderpest etc.
More than 1 / 2 farmers announced livestock diseases while principal problem
Less in comparison with just one next farmers reported cows diseases as most important problem
Nearly one third farmers documented livestock ailments as main problem
Negligible proportion associated with farmers reported cattle health conditions as main problem
Training system on treatment / vaccination plus dosing against diseases such as FMD, Mastitis plus endo ecto parasites (Worms, ticks along with mites) etc.
Feeding of cattle
One next associated with farmers claimed fodder/ give food to shortages to get cattle
None of farmers described fodder/ feed shortages intended for cattle
Nearly two lastly connected with farmers documented fodder/ feast shortages for cattle
None of farmers reported fodder/ give food to shortages intended for cattle
Training programme with getting ready and also use of well-balanced livestock rations. Introduction and raising regarding new fodders inside area
Willing associated with advancement some sort of dairy private unit
None with the farmer learn about that commercial unit
None belonging to the player be informed on the commercial unit
None in the farmer be informed on the industrial unit
None of the farmer learn about your professional unit
After creep production, cows showing are usually a major task of the place and needs to be sorted out through development of dairy units along with cooperatives for series in addition to submitter connected with milk.
2
Sheep/ goat rearing
Good availablility of nearby goats and also cross particular breed of dog lambs demands certain breed improvement
One fifth farmers rearing goat / sheep up to 6 Nos or perhaps far more per head
Half connected with your farmers rearing goat / sheep as long as 6 Nos or higher each head
Less in comparison with one fifth farmers rearing goat / sheep up to 6 Nos and up for every head
Less in comparison with one 50 percent farmers rearing goat / sheep approximately some Nos or even a lot more for each head
Nearly one fourth with the farmers parenting goat/ sheep in the place as long as half a dozen Nos. and up per household. Thus marketing the sheep / goat rearing task like a viable unit for unemployed / town childhood is often popularized.
Dosing as well as vaccination
The conditions like FMD, Mangitits, foot or so rot, endo and ecto parasites reported.
The diseases just like FMD, Mangitits, foot or so rot, endo in addition to ecto parasites reported.
The conditions like FMD, Mangitits, ft . rot, endo as well as ecto parasites reported.
The diseases similar to FMD, Mangitits, ft . rot, endo and ecto parasites reported.
Sheep/ goat treatment gadgets in the villages be established. Training process on treatment/ vaccination as well as dosing against this health conditions established inside area
Development involving sheep plus goat unit
None with the player be familiar with the industrial unit
None with the farmer be aware of the particular commercial unit
None of the farmer know about the actual financial unit
None on the character find out about the particular professional unit
Promoting the lambs as well as goat showing activity on Establishment of sheep / goat unit for employment in addition to income technology for non-urban youth and also women.
3
Poultry keeping
Keeping of simply several local birds each family members for home purposes
Three fourth of the farmers keeping 3 that will 6 nearby fowls per household
Less as compared to some fourth connected with the actual farmers keeping 3 for you to 6 local creatures per household
More than about three final on the farmers retaining 3 to a few nearby birds for every household
More when compared with three fourth with the actual farmers keeping a few to half a dozen community parrots per household
Introduction of back garden poultry by using increased / new breed (Vonraja) pertaining to professional reasons through women SHGs of the location can be encouraged.
More chook mortality as a result of poultry illnesses (Cocidiosis, Ranikhet etc.)
One 1 / 2 farmers struggling with illness trouble around chicken keeping
One fifty percent farmers facing illness problem within poultry keeping
One one half farmers facing disease difficulty with chicken keeping
All your farmers experiencing disease challenge inside poultry keeping
Organization connected with training programmes about controlled poultry always keeping plus manage associated with illnesses just like Ranikhet, Cocidiosis etc.
E. Allied activities
Handicrafts
Prominent in handicraft things to do